Understanding Achilles Tendinopathy: Causes, Symptoms, and Path to Recovery
Achilles tendinopathy is a prevalent overuse injury characterised by pathological changes in the Achilles tendon due to repetitive stress. It affects both athletes and non-athletes and may or may not involve an Achilles tendon tear. Reduced flexibility or increased stiffness in the tendon can heighten the risk of such injuries.
What Is the Achilles Tendon?
The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone (calcaneus). It plays a crucial role in activities like walking, running, and jumping. Due to its function, it endures significant stress, making it susceptible to overuse injuries.
Common Causes of Achilles Tendinopathy
Overuse or Repetitive Strain: Frequent in individuals who suddenly increase their training intensity or duration.
Poor Footwear: Shoes lacking adequate heel support can add stress to the tendon.
Tight Calf Muscles: Limited flexibility in the calves can increase tension on the Achilles.
Biomechanical Issues: Conditions like flat feet or overpronation can lead to improper tendon loading.
Age & Activity Level: As we age, tendon elasticity decreases, especially in those who remain active without proper conditioning.
Symptoms to Watch For
Pain or stiffness along the back of the heel, especially in the morning or after activity.
Swelling or thickening of the tendon.
A noticeable lump on the tendon.
Pain that intensifies with activities like climbing stairs or sprinting.
In severe cases, a sudden "pop" sound followed by sharp pain, which may indicate a rupture requiring immediate attention.
Treatment Options
Most cases of Achilles tendinopathy can be managed conservatively:
Rest and Activity Modification: Reducing or avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain is crucial. While complete rest isn't always necessary, modifying activities to lessen tendon load can aid recovery.
Ice and Anti-Inflammatories: Applying ice packs and using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help alleviate inflammation and discomfort in the short term.
Calf Stretching and Strengthening: Incorporating exercises that stretch and strengthen the calf muscles can promote healing and restore tendon strength.
Manual Therapy: Techniques such as soft tissue therapy, dry needling, and joint mobilization can reduce tension and improve mobility.
Heel Lifts or Orthotics: Using heel lifts can temporarily reduce strain on the tendon, while custom orthotics may address underlying biomechanical issues.
Shockwave Therapy: For chronic cases, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has shown promise in stimulating healing.
If your Achilles pain persists for more than a few weeks, worsens with activity, or interferes with daily activities, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional. Early intervention can prevent the condition from becoming more severe.
Achilles tendinopathy can be a hindrance, but with appropriate treatment and patience, most individuals recover effectively. Pay attention to your body's signals, avoid pushing through pain, and seek professional guidance when necessary. Your Achilles tendon is vital—ensure it receives the care it deserves.
Experiencing Achilles discomfort? Schedule an appointment with our team today. Let's work together towards your recovery.